Moral Panic, Practical Use: The Student GenAI Paradox
Human Research Design
Qualitative Study
Focus Groups
Caught between academic integrity and technological inevitability

Where do students and institutions go from here?

What Did We Do?
A group of 12 graduate students collaborated with Dr. Irene Lopatovska at the Pratt Institute to explore the attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of graduate students using generative AI for academic work. The study aimed to examine the relationship between students’ emotions and their experiences with AI.
This is an ongoing study. If you have any questions, comments, or would like to stay updated on our progress, please reach out to zzapata@pratt.edu
 what we studied

How do students use GenAI tools,
and how do they feel about them?

Goals
Explore usage, emotion, ethics, and expectations
Method I: Survey
Surveyed 30 Pratt graduate students
Method II: Focus Groups
2 focus groups with survey participants
1 In-Person, 1 Virtual
Focus Groups
In the focus groups, we asked participants to draw their mental models of Gen AI.

These provided a visual insight to the participant's mental understanding of GenAI.

Many expressed negative views: environmental impact, art-theft, or ones like above that equate AI to shit. Others focused on the positives: chatGPT's translation abilities, the relationship between the user and the interface, and the ability to enhance one's work efficiently.
Results
80% of students reported using GenAI
Most common tasks: 
brainstorming (67%) and 
writing (62%)
30% feel GenAI increases school engagement while 61% say it doesn’t
37% felt GenAI supports creativity
93% of students surveyed are concerned about AI bias
10% would consider trusting GenAI without verification
59% expect their usage of GenAI to grow
GenAI use feels inevitable, even for skeptics
Only 3% think it’s always ethically fine; 60% say “it depends”
51% of respondents were outright uncomfortable using GenAI for schoolwork
47% are cautious to admit using GenAI
Some feel shame or worry about authorship
After the results

We formed 3 core themes

Themes emerged

Pragmatic Use vs. Emotional Distance

Prompt engineering is a skill—it’s important to learn it now
Many students felt ashamed of using AI but justified it due to pressure to complete assignments perfectly and on time. They wanted more time for writing and brainstorming without pressure. While students acknowledged ethical concerns, they distanced emotionally from AI, using it as a tool in their academic work. This theme highlights the personal nature of each student’s relationship with AI, emphasizing the need for ongoing discussions about its impact on academic environments.
Themes emerged

Ownership, Shame, and Ethics

Using GenAI...it’s still our idea, [GenAI is] just enhancing it
I don’t use GenAI for brainstorming because I believe I’m better at brainstorming . . . I want to own my idea
In a school of design, ownership of work is closely linked to an individual’s innovation. The use of AI presents conflicting views on the integrity of one’s work. Some students believe AI dulls their creativity, feeling it diminishes their personal touch, while others see AI as a valuable tool that enhances and supplements their work.
Themes emerged

Limited Trust and Normalization

We need to be taught how to use it responsibly
Despite these conflicting views, one thing is clear: AI will continue to grow and become a part of our academic careers. We must adapt and find ways for AI to supplement the academic environment without replacing the essential human interactions that make design so unique. There is a clear need for formal policies and guidance from institutions.
Inspired by these recurring themes

Three Hypothetical AI Tools Designed for Students

Instant, Ethical Writing Support
51% students felt uncomfortable using ChatGPT for schoolwork. Still, they used it to keep up with deadlines and academic pressure. A school-approved AI writing tool could guide students to improve their writing without giving them the answers, helping them learn while using AI responsibly.
After-Hours AI Librarian Support
In focus groups, students shared that while they use tools like ChatGPT for writing and research, many still prefer the guidance of a librarian. However, limited library hours—especially for those working late at night—can be a barrier. An AI-powered librarian available after hours could provide students with research support when they need it most, while still encouraging independent inquiry and the use of credible sources.
Contextual Translation and Academic Thesaurus Tool
In the focus groups, numerous students reported using AI tools like ChatGPT to get better translations and definitions that standard tools like Google Translate or dictionaries often miss. By describing the type of word or tone they need, students get more accurate and academically appropriate suggestions from the AI.
TAKEAWAYS

GenAI-ous Insights

This human research study shed light on the conflicting attitudes and beliefs students hold toward generative AI in coursework. Many were aware of its environmental impact and felt it diminished their creative input, yet still felt compelled to use it to manage academic stress and deadlines. Others viewed GenAI as an inevitable part of the future and had no reservations about using it for schoolwork. Across the spectrum, students expressed a strong desire for clearer guidance—not only from professors but also from school administrators—on the acceptable boundaries for using GenAI to supplement their academic work.

Next Steps
To gain deeper insights into GenAI's impact on academia, the study has been expanded to include faculty perspectives, particularly as they navigate the challenges of evaluating student work that may involve AI-generated content.

What I Learned
It was a pleasure to contribute to a research project alongside a dedicated team of highly engaged students. Collaborating on a topic as timely and complex as generative AI allowed me to sharpen my research skills, think critically about emerging technologies in education, and better understand the diverse perspectives that shape how students interact with AI in academic settings.
I also had the pleasure of presenting this research with other team members at the Pratt Institute's 2025 InfoShow:
So after reading all of that

How do you feel about using GenAI?

Where do you draw the ethical line?